Bozhidar Dimitrov graduated in Bulgarian history in 1974. He specialized in the Institute of Ancient Texts in Paris, and later in the School of Paleography and Diplomatics of the Vatican. In 1978 he started work in the National Museum of History. His scientific career began with researches and publication of new sources of Bulgarian medieval history.
In 1996 he was appointed as Director of the museum.
He has his own television show on Bulgarian National Television called Bulgarian Memory.
In the period 2009-2010 he was a minister in the government of Boiko Borisov.